Diazepam and pregnancy woman
In treating pregnant most difficult is the ratio of benefits to risks for the mother and fetus, because from 1 / 3 newborns have adverse diazepam and pregnancy reactions to medication, and the 3-5% of newborns have congenital abnormalities as a result teratogennogo of a fetus. Therefore, every pregnant woman health worker should explain what side effects the drug might have and diazepam and pregnancy whether to replace it with others, or whether to keep the pregnancy if the medication is necessary for health. In fact, the impact of drugs diazepam and pregnancy on the fetus has not been studied pregnant should not appoint any drugs without a strong testimony to the fact. If necessary supplies of drugs diazepam and pregnancy to pregnant women security should be measured in terms of the risk, the American administration developed for the control of medicines and foodstuffs diazepam and pregnancy (FDA).
Group A-drugs diazepam and pregnancy , which had a large number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age with no evidence of their impact on the development of the frequency of congenital anomalies or impairing effect on the fetus pregnancy diazepam.
Group B-medication diazepam and pregnancy , which fell to a limited number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age, without any evidence of their effect on the frequency of congenital anomalies or impairing effect on the fetus. However, the animal studies revealed no increase in the frequency of injuries or fruit such results, but not proven correlation of results from the drug diazepam and pregnancy.
Group C-drugs are animal studies demonstrated embriotoksicheskoe or teratogenic effects. There is a suspicion that they may cause reversible damaging effects diazepam and pregnancy on the fetus or newborn (due pharmacological drugs of Diazepam properties), but there was no congenital anomalies. Controlled studies on humans have been held.
Diazepam and pregnancy woman
Group D-drugs diazepam and pregnancy causing or suspected that they may cause congenital anomalies or irreversible damage to the fruit. Team X-medication with a high risk of congenital anomalies or persistent damage fruit, as there is evidence of teratogennogo or embriotoksicheskogo actions as in animals, and in humans. This group should not be used during pregnancy diazepam and pregnancy.
Why is dangerous to use drugs diazepam and pregnancy ? In fact, that the cells of the tissues fruit heavily divided, and drugs can affect the process of cell division or the relationship between them, which inevitably leads to a violation of the synthesis of tissue, organs, and during early pregnancy, even to malnutrition diazepam and pregnancy limbs.
Teratogenic Effects of drugs is not limited to physical underdevelopment, but may slow mental development. It has therefore been allocated five most dangerous periods :
- from the moment of conception to 10-day; during diazepam and pregnancy this period toxic effect of drugs, usually resulting in the loss of the fruit;
- with the 11 th and 28 th day diazepam and pregnancy (during organogeneza); in this period is actually teratogenic effect of medication; specific diazepam drug and pregnancy developmental period due to pregnancy, ie what particular organ or system functional formed between toxic effects of drugs; in the vast majority of cases, after the formation of a body or functional medicine have not had their own teratogennogo actions;
- from the beginning of the 4 th week to nachala9- s; typically, drugs have not had proper teratogennogo action, but a high risk of delays in development;
- 9 th week before the end of pregnancy diazepam and pregnancy; at this time of medicines usually do not cause delays development of organs and tissues of the fruit, but as a result of their toxic to the fetus possible disruption of body organs and systems in the post-and various behavioral abnormalities;
- the period immediately preceding the birth or during delivery; improper use of drugs at this time could affect the neonatal period. For example, the use simpatolitika diazepam and pregnancy rezerpina just before birth may lead to respiratory tract obstruction, anorexia and lethargy newborns.
But apart from the impact of drugs on the fetus, there are other :
Suction drugs in pregnant diazepam and pregnancy women is changing : because that lowered tone digestive tract and thus lipofilnye preparations longer is in the ground intestines, they imbibed stronger. In contrast, during pregnancy Secretion gastric juice reduced, thus hydrophilic drugs will be dissolved and bad skin. In applying the rectum of drugs diazepam and pregnancy their intake is reduced because of increased womb that weighs on the pelvic veins and outflow of blood from the rectum slowed. However, inhalation way to speed the introduction of drugs can increase their intake. This is due to the fact that during pregnancy, usually increases the lungs diazepam and pregnancy breathing and blood vessels in the lungs and increasing gas.
Distribution of drugs on the body of pregnant women are also changing. Typically pregnancy and diazepam the amount of circulating plasma (30-40%) and up to 5-8 litres, an extracellular fluid. Increased plasma leads to a reduction of therapeutic drugs diazepam and pregnancy because of his “down”. Because of the growing number of fat cells they will accumulate more lipofilnyh drugs, which in turn can be accumulated on their toxic properties. Due to the fact that in early February the first trimester of falls in plasma albumin diazepam and pregnancy, the number of drug related declines and more free drug factions, which could lead to its toxic effects diazepam and pregnancy.
Biotransformation of drugs in the liver also is changing, because reduced activity of enzymes. However, it should be remembered that the modified organism can seriously affect the activity of liver enzymes.
For example, the highest levels of progesterone reduces the activity of enzymes. But later toxaemia pregnant in their body, much greater level of 6 - (-gidrokortizola that entails increased liver enzymes, and thus accelerates biotransformation of drugs diazepam and pregnancy in the liver.
Excretion is another function of the body exposed to the changes. On the one hand increasing klubochkovaya Secretion, on the other hand, and increasing reabsorption in the Channel nefrona. Because of the elimination of many drugs and BAV and changes raznonapravleno. For example diazepam and pregnancy , the elimination of glucose rises, and excretion of Na + ions decreases. Increase speed filtering in pregnant relative, as their current plasma through the kidneys increases to about 100%, a rate of filtration only 70% diazepam and pregnancy Moreover, there is a tendency to pregnant zaschelachivaniyu urine, and this leads to a change in ionization of molecules drugs, and, therefore, changes and the number reabsorbirovannogo drug diazepam and pregnancy.
So the second important issue is special pharmacokinetics organism pregnant women, which may influence the farmakodinamiku drugs, and thus increase or drugs of diazepam decrease the therapeutic effect and even cause side effects, unlikely outside pregnancy. Also, the change may alter the pharmacokinetics of conventional drugs, which could lead to undesirable effects on the fetus diazepam and pregnancy.
A special role in shaping the response of the fruit preparations by the placenta. There are four factors governing the “throughput” capacity placenta :
- Functional status placenta and its enzyme activity (diazepam and pregnancy)
- Feature blood flow through the placenta (affects infiltration and diversion of drugs diazepam and pregnancy)
- Feature placental pharmacokinetics
- Fsycho-emotional mother diazepam and pregnancy.
At the blood of pregnant uterus affect many diseases : diabetes mellitus, hypertension, eclampsia, eclampsia. C?ncer situation long depression also had a negative impact on the blood of pregnant uterus and placenta.
At placental pharmacokinetics affect :
- Term Pregnancy diazepam
- The physico-chemical properties of drugs diazepam
- Tvelocity of the placental barrier drug
- Tthe length of his diazepam and pregnancy
- TFeatures raspreleleniya drugs in the tissues and organs of the foetus
- Tbiotransformation of the placenta and fetus bodies
- Features elimination through the placenta.
Hydrophilic drugs pose a great danger to the fetus than lipofilnye, because lipofilnye drugs easier to penetrate the placenta from mother to fetus back. But for 3 rd trimester of pregnancy tissue in the fruit starts to accrue and lipofilnye drugs. Because the organism fruit, medicines diazepam and pregnancy, only a small part of proteins associated with blood, because their blood little fruit. T. on. it circulates in the blood medication order diazepam active and affects the tissues, and especially to the brain. On ability to provide damaging diazepam and pregnancy effect on the fetus medicines are divided into three groups I group. Medicines with a high risk of damaging the development of a fetus, which Т. during pregnancy necessarily requires its termination diazepam and pregnancy. These drugs are not only on embryos, but also to women (up to 6-12 months) and male (up to 3 months) sex cells until the moment of conception, that is, if azotioprim was appointed pregnant women of childbearing age, the risk of damaging the foetus in sluchaeberemennosti last for a year diazepam and pregnancy since the end of the reception drug.
Antibiotics Group diazepam side effects deposits (tsefadroksil, cefazolin, cefalexin, tsefalotin, tsefapirin, cefixime, tsefodizim, tsefotaksim, tsefnodoksim, tsefradin, ceftazidime, tsefrtiakson, agents). Cytostatics (methotrexate, vincristine, ftoruratsil, tsiklofosfan) is a violation of exchange folic acid. Use diazepam and pregnancy them in the early stages of pregnancy leads to gibeliembriona and late-to deformation diazepam and pregnancy of the front charepa violations and speed its ossification. antineoplastic antibiotics (bleomycin, rubomitsin, epirubitsin etc.).
Group I:
Medicines, which in the first 3-10 weeks of pregnancy, in most cases, can cause the death of the embryo and / or spontaneous miscarriage :
- Drugs Li (carbonate and oxybutyrate Li diazepam and pregnancy)
- Antiparkensonicheskie with M-central holinoblokiruyuschim action (bellazon, dinezin, norakin, tropatsin, diazepam and pregnancy tsiklodol etc.)
- Convulsants drugs (difenin, carbamazepine)
- NSPVS (meloksikam, Naprogesic, Pyroxicam, fenilbutazon diazepam and pregnancy etc.)
- Anticoagulants direct (neodikumarin) sinkumar and others.
- Antidiabetic drugs for oral delivery (bukarban, diazepam and pregnancy, glikvidon, izodibut etc.)
- Glucocorticosteroids (cortizone, prednisolone, triamtsinolon, dexamethasone, metilprednizolon, fludrokortizon etc.)
- Drugs for the treatment of thyroid diseases (yodidy, tiamazol)
- Antibiotics (aminoglikozidy, tetracycline, rifampitsillin)
- Antimalarial drugs (plakvenil, hingamin, quinine, diazepam and pregnancy, etc.)
Group II:
Medicines moderate risk :
- Tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, hydrochloride, diazepam and pregnancy etc.)
- Tranquilizers karbaminovye propandiola ethers (Meprobamat)
- Antiparkensonicheskie drugs are derived levopy
- Preparations containing female sex hormones estrogen -
- Sulfanilamidy diazepam and pregnancy
- Drugs for the treatment of protozoal infections - metronidazole.
So we can conclude that the appointment of medications pregnant women should consider not only their direct impact on the fetus, but especially the pharmacokinetics of drugs diazepam and pregnancy in the body of a pregnant woman, as well as the placenta, which would determine its barrier function.
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